Why was the Washington consensus irresistible in Latin America Essay

Why was the Washington consensus irresistible in Latin America - Essay Example Within the current globalized system, the importance of international political economy and the means by which decisions of economic importance are engaged, the overall level of relevance is maximized. As a function of this, the following analysis will engage the reader with an understanding of why the â€Å"Washington Consensus† came to be so widely accepted and agreed upon by a litany of different Latin American countries. Although merely referencing the Washington Consensus, and the determinants that it necessarily imposes, would be an effective start, the analysis will also integrate with an in-depth discussion of each of the 10 points which engenders the Washington consensus as a means of understanding the ultimate attraction that so many Latin American countries had to this particular economic integration and approach (Marangos, 2008). Further, the unique drawbacks and tacit inabilities that the Washington Consensus will also be discussed with regards to the way in which stakeholders within this particular issue realize that it was in their best interest to accept the Washington consensus even with its tacit level of drawbacks. ... cit level of understanding with respect to world affairs, international relations, and political theory will necessarily be engaged and hopefully understood (Arestis, 2004). History/Background Firstly, before delving into the ultimate rationale behind why so many Latin American countries chose to integrate so fully and completely with Washington consensus, it must be understood that key macro economic factors throughout Latin America provoked and invoked a level of greater cooperation and willingness to attempt a different approach than might have been realized that any other point in history (Babb, 2013). By the time of the 1980s, Latin America, in addition to much of the rest of the world, was still reeling from the economic repercussions of the global malaise that had existed for almost a decade during the 1970s. Whereas the United States, and the rest of the world for that matter, felt the impact of the drastic increase in fuel costs that took place during the late 1970s and earl y 1980s, the impact that this had upon developing nations were even more profound (Duncan, 2003). This stands to reason due to the fact that the United States and other developed nations had a level of wealth that could be leveraged against a sudden price fluctuation with respect to a inelastic demand. What ultimately prompted the oil crisis during the 1970s had to do with the rising levels of debt, inaccessibility of foreign credit, and a restriction in global trade (Ruckert, 2006). Whereas the fuel crisis of the 1970s and early 1980s was of course of relevance, it must further be understood that this particular issue was a significant impact with regards to developing nations around the world; especially Latin American countries. The rationale behind this is due to the fact that Latin

Introduce what the Hurricane is to element school students Essay

Introduce what the Hurricane is to element school students - Essay Example to 600 miles across and have strong winds spiraling inward and upward at speeds of 75 to 200 mph.† This kind of weather usually enters what is called an Area of Responsibility and lasts sometimes for more than a week because it is passing over the open ocean at the slow speed of 10-20 miles per hour. It usually moves in a counter-clockwise direction over the warm ocean waters in the Northern Hemisphere, but then moves clockwise when it is in the Southern Hemisphere. While the hurricane is passing over the warm water, it starts to gather heat and energy with the help of water evaporation which also increases the power of the storm. Remember our grandparents often telling us that there is a â€Å"lull before the storm†? That is exactly what happens before a hurricane unleashes its deadly winds and water over the population of an area. The â€Å"eye† of the storm is what our grandparents normally describe to us which is known to have light winds and fair weather. But the minute the storm hits land, this calm is replaced by heavy rain, strong winds, and large waves that come crashing onto land. This is what destroys our surroundings. The hurricane, which is known as a typhoon in the Western Pacific, tends to dissipate or disappear by weakening and drying up once it passes over large and long bodies of land. It dies because the storm feeds on warmth and water, without it, the storm will not be able to exist. Not all hurricanes are created equally though. That is why the Saffir Simpson Hurricane Scale helps our weather professionals determine the strength of the hurrican before it hits land. the warnings range from the lowest wind speed of Category 1 all the way to the destructive Category 5 hurricane. However, a hurricane is destructive regardless of the category because the destruction will rely mostly upon the areas hit and what hazards exist in that area (What is a Hurricane?). In the United States, we have what is called a Hurricane Season that lasts from May

Why did Operation Barbarossa Fail?

Why did Operation Barbarossa Fail? Before Operation Barbarossa was launched, Hitler and Germany have great success on invasion and battles, except Battle of Britain. Hitler invaded Poland in 1931, attacked Belgium, France, and Holland, battle with Britain. But when he comes to invading Soviet Union, the operation was the beginning of Hitler’s downfall. Operation Barbarossa is a code name for German’s invasion of USSR. That operation was launch on June 22, 1941, and because it was launched at that time, Germany has to deal with one of the biggest problem when they were invading Soviet Union winter. It was the largest military attack in World War Two. Operation Barbarossa was the turning point of World War Two, and reason why is because the invasion of Soviet Union is one of the biggest mistakes Hitler makes in World War Two. The idea of invading Soviet Union is not the problem, but the way Hitler did it. Operation Barbarossa failed because Germany used weak military forces, had poor logistics and plannin g, and failed to win the Battle of Stalingrad, which is one of the main battles in Operation Barbarossa. First of all, Germany has weak army and military forces. Their condition, military forces, army were weaker than Red army. One of the main problems is the winter in Russia. German’s army and military forces can’t handle the winter in Russia. â€Å"The German tanks had narrow treads with little traction and poor flotation in mud. In contrast, the new generation of Soviet tanks such as the T-34 and KV had wider tracks and were far more mobile in these conditions.† (Operation Barbarossa) According to the information above, Soviet Union has more reliable and improved vehicles than Germany’s. Their military forces such as tanks were not good as Soviet Union’s. They were also not prepared for the weather and Soviet Union’s poor road network, even reaching to certain destination was also hard for them. â€Å"Consequently, the troops were not equipped with adequate cold-weather gear, and some soldiers had to pack newspapers into their jackets to sta y warm while temperatures dropped to record levels of at least -30  °C (-22  °F). To operate furnaces and heaters, the Germans also burned precious fuel that was difficult to re-supply.† (Operation Barbarossa) Besides transportation problem caused by the winter, German’s army were also affected by the winter. Their equipment and gears were not fit for the weather. For example, they have to burn fuel, which is a very important supplies and very hard to get, to keep them warm. On the other hand, Soviet Union’s troops have warmer clothing. Their vehicles such as aircraft also weren’t in a good condition, because sometimes fuel will freezes and soldiers will have to took time to fixed it, otherwise those vehicles can not be used. Lubricants for vehicles were also useless as well in such a cold weather in Russia. These supplies such as lubricants, oil, fuel, were extremely important, because these supplies keep German’s military forces such as guns, vehicles in action and a good condition. Second reasons were German’s poor logistics and planning strategy. One of the reasons is because Germany was way too confidents, they’ve over underestimated Soviet Union. That leads to unrealistic, poor strategy and logistics. â€Å"The invasion had three main objectives. Army Group Center, consisting of 1.3 million troops, 2,600 tanks and 7,800 artillery pieces, mounted a massive drive on Moscow. Meanwhile, Army Group North, consisting of 700,000 troops, 770 tanks and 4,000 artillery pieces.† (Erik Sass, Operation Barbarossa: The Biggest Military Adventure in History) Hitler uses the strategy called â€Å"blitzkrieg†, or â€Å"lightning war†. This is the same strategy Hitler use to defeat France and Poland, but this doesn’t work on Soviet Union. Soviet Union was also surprised by this invasion, due to Stalin’s belief Germany won’t attack it’s own allied, especially after signing the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact. Due to the di fficulty of getting fuel for supplies, Germany sometimes has not enough fuel to reach to the destination. Their army doesn’t have enough ammunition and other supplies as well. Food was never important to Hitler. Because it is hard to get supplies while in the frontline of battlefield or marching toward the heartland of Russia, Hitler has to choose between food, ammunition, and warm clothes, Hitler mostly choose ammunition instead of others. â€Å"Commanders in the field relied on foraging local livestock to feed the soldiers and this continued until such time when shortages resulted in troops eating their units horses.† (MAJ Loganathan, Failure Of Logistics In â€Å"Operation Barbarossa† And Its Relevance Today) By September 1941, Germany was winning and the invasion was successful so far. They have already conquered Kiev and Odessa, and pushing forward to Leningrad and Moscow. â€Å"By December 1941, the combined German armies had killed 360,000 Soviet soldier s, wounded one million, and captured two million more, for total Red Army losses of around 3.4 million by the end of the year. In six months, German troops and their allies advanced up to 600 miles and occupied over 500,000 square miles of Soviet territory, home to 75 million people.† (Erik Sass, Operation Barbarossa: The Biggest Military Adventure in History) Finally, Germany lost the battle of Stalingrad, which is the turning point of this operation. Before this battle, Hitler was mostly success in this invasion. â€Å"Russians consider it to be the greatest battle of their Great Patriotic War, and most historians consider it to be the greatest battle of the entire conflict.† (Battle of Stalingrad) The Battle of Stalingrad was started at 17 July 1942, in this battle Soviet Union successfully defend the city of Stalingrad. One of the reasons why Stalingrad is important is that it was Russia’s main communication center in the south. German’s commander was General Paulus, and his main goal was to secure the oil field in Caucasus, on the other hand, Russia would try not to let Germany secure the oil field. German’s army had to deal with and handle the winter in Russia while fighting with Soviet Union. That makes Germany harder to defeat their enemies. Zhukov, Russian commander, used strategy to go around the city and trap German’s army. At this point, Hitler still refused to give up, and commanded General Paulus to hold their ground. â€Å"Hitler ordered that Paulus should fight to the last bullet, and to encourage Paulus, he promoted him to field marshal. However, by the end of January 1943, the Germans could do nothing else but surrender. Paulus surrendered the army in the southern sector on January 31st while General Schreck surrendered the northern group on February 2nd, 1943.† (Battle of Stalingrad) 91,000 soldiers were taken as prisoners and about 150,000 men were lost. That’s a huge lost for Germany and their military had been weaken since then. In conclusion, Operation Barbarossa was one of the greatest mistakes Hitler had made. It was the turning point of World War Two. Operation Barbarossa failed because Germany used weak military forces, had poor logistics and planning, and failed to win the Battle of Stalingrad, which is one of the main battles in Operation Barbarossa. The major problem that leads to the failure of this operation was the winter in Russia. That cause many major and minor problems such as weaker military forces, poor transportation. Russian army also has better equipment, gears, vehicles that suit the situation more. Second is that Germany has poor logistics and planning strategy. Germany has over underestimated Soviet Union, and their army, supplies were too confident. That leads to unrealistic, poor strategy and logistics. Finally, Germany lost the Battle of Stalingrad, which is a important major battle in Operation Barbarossa. German’s army was surrounded and Hitler makes the wrong call. Works Cited â€Å"Operation Barbarossa†. New World Encyclopedia. Web. 12 May 2015. MLJ Loganathan. â€Å"Failure Of Logistics In â€Å"Operation Barbarossa† And It’s Relevance Day†. mindef. gov. sg. Web. 12 May 2015. â€Å"Battle of Stalingrad†. History.com. A+E Networks. 2009. Web. 12 May 2015. Erik Sass. â€Å"Operation Barbarossa: The Biggest Military Adventure in History†. Mental_floss. Web. 12 May 2015. Chris Trueman. â€Å"The Battle of Stalingrad†. History Learning Site. 2014. Web. 12 May 2015. Professor Richard Overy. â€Å"The Soviet-German War 1941-1945†. BBC. Web. 12 May 2015. Kennedy Hickman. â€Å"World War II: Battle of Stalingrad†. about education. Web. 12 May 2015.

SUMMERTIME AND SPRING RAIN Essay example -- Essays Papers

SUMMERTIME AND SPRING RAIN Upon first sight, it appears that John Sloan’s Spring Rain and Edward Hopper’s Summertime only common characteristic is that they are both oil paintings on canvas. Spring Rain, from the school of Impressionistic art, was painted in 1912. Summertime, which possesses a simplified, schematic style, was created over thirty years later, in 1943. Therefore, there are extreme differences in the two artists’ technique and style. However, despite these differences, the two painters’ works embody the same theme: They are both scenes of urban realism characterized by isolation and loneliness. John Sloan’s painting depicts a dismal view of municipal life. The painting’s gloominess is achieved most effectively through Sloan’s use of color. He uses deep shades of purple with the contrasting color green in the background. This color scheme provides an eerie fog throughout the painting. The woman’s clothing also accentuates the dark tone of Spring Rain. She is dressed entirely in black. This signifies that her personality is somber and perhaps conservative. However, it is interesting that the woman is wearing red stockings. The fact that Sloan chose such a bold color suggests that he wished to show a slightly daring side of the woman’s personality. Hopper, on the other hand, uses a much lighter color scheme. However, the lightness does not diminish the painting’s melancholy mood. Light gray, seen in the building’s face and the sidewalk...

Bullwhip Efect Barilla Spa Essay

The Bullwhip Effect and Barilla SpA The Bullwhip Effect is an observed phenomenon in forecast-driven distribution channels where there is variability up the supply chain. Some of its causes are: Dependent demand processing Forecast Errors Adjustment of inventory control parameters with each demand observation Lead Time Variability (forecast error during replenishment lead time) Lot-sizing/order synchronization Trade promotion and forward buying Anticipation of shortages One way to achieve this is to establish a demand-driven supply chain which reacts to actual customer orders. The result is near-perfect visibility of customer demand and inventory movement throughout the supply chain. Better information leads to better inventory positioning and lower costs throughout the supply chain. Methods intended to reduce uncertainty, variability, and lead time: †¢Vendor Managed Inventory (VMI) †¢Just In Time replenishment (JIT) †¢Strategic partnership †¢Information sharing †¢Smooth the flow of products ocoordinate with retailers to spread deliveries evenly oreduce minimum batch sizes osmaller and more frequent replenishments

Overview And Structure Of The Business Essay - 2980 Words

Overview and Structure of the Business The structure of business Business process IT management must learn to judge IT processes in terms of business effectiveness and how they fit in the organization s overall business strategy(Information week). Judging these processes will ensure we stay ahead of the competition. It also promotes longevity for the company and its employees. Beating the competition Beating the competition will require developing a strategic advertisement geared directly to our particular customer. Many times companies are running out of space. When a company runs out of data space it forces companies to spend a fortune on expanding in order to accommodate for the loss of data space. As a SAAS provider my company will allow IT departments to focus most of their time focusing on other projects that saves them time and money. I want to create a one-stop shop for all of my clients. Offering these services would potentially reduce cost of hardware and software maintenance for businesses. Our services will be offered at a monthly cost to our customers. I really believe that small businesses will benefit from my company because it can take away a lot of the stress and worries that come with start up’s. Using cloud computing can help take small business to the next level. Your Company’s Infrastructure and Information Systems Needs Successful infrastructure A successful infrastructure requires innovation of adding resources that increases a firm effectiveness.Show MoreRelatedChina Paint Thinner Paint Market Outlook Report for 2023 Essay614 Words   |  3 Pagespace in the past decade. In the next five years, both production and demand will continue to grow. Paint Markets in China examines Chinas economic trends, investment environment, industry development, supply and demand, industry capacity, industry structure, marketing channels and major industry participants. 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Origami and Geometry Lesson Plan for Grade 2

Help students practice origami to develop a knowledge of geometric properties. This craft project is meant for second-graders for the duration of one class period, 45 to 60 minutes. Key Vocabulary symmetrytrianglesquarerectangle Materials origami paper or wrapping paper, cut into 8-inch squaresa class set of 8.5-by-11-inch paper Objectives Use origami to develop an understanding of geometric properties. Standards Met 2.G.1. Recognize and draw shapes having specified attributes, such as a given number of angles or a given number of equal faces. Identify triangles, quadrilaterals, pentagons, hexagons, and cubes. Lesson Introduction Show students how to make a paper airplane using their squares of paper. Give them a few minutes to fly these around the classroom (or better yet, a multipurpose room or outside) and get the sillies out. Step-By-Step Procedure Once the airplanes are gone (or confiscated), tell students that math and art are combined in the traditional Japanese art of origami. Paper folding has been around for hundreds of years, and there is much geometry to be found in this beautiful art.Read The Paper Crane to them before starting the lesson. If this book cant be found in your school or local library, find another picture book that features origami. The goal here is to give students a visual image of origami so that they know what theyll be creating in the lesson.Visit ​a  website, or use the book you selected for the class to find an easy origami design. You can project these steps for students, or just refer to the instructions as you go, but this boat is a very easy first step.Rather than square paper, which you usually need for origami designs, the boat referenced above begins with rectangles. Pass one sheet of paper out to each student.As students begin to fold, using this method for the origami boat, stop t hem at each step to talk about the geometry involved. First of all, they are starting with a rectangle. Then they are folding their rectangle in half. Have them open it up so that they can see the line of symmetry, then fold it again.When they reach the step where they are folding down the two triangles, tell them that those triangles are congruent, which means they are the same size and shape.When they are bringing the sides of the hat together to make a square, review this with students. It is fascinating to see shapes change with a little folding here and there, and they have just changed a hat shape into a square. You can also highlight the line of symmetry down the center of the square.Create another figure with your students. If they have reached the point where you think they can make their own, you can allow them to choose from a variety of designs. Homework/Assessment Since this lesson is designed for a review or introduction to some geometry concepts, no homework is required. For fun, you can send the instructions for another shape home with a student and see if they can complete an origami figure with their families. Evaluation This lesson should be part of a larger unit on geometry, and other discussions lend themselves to better assessments of geometry knowledge. However, in a future lesson, students may be able to teach an origami shape to a small group of theirs, and you can observe and record the geometry language that they are using to teach the â€Å"lesson.†